The day Yamaloka had a holiday

He is one God you will not want to meet either in your lifetime or even after your death. He is one God who has practically no festival named after him. There are not many temples to him too.

Yet, he is on everyone’s lips and whenever a major catastrophe happens he is remembered. He is Yama, the God of Death. But did you know that even he wanted a holiday on a particular day and on that day Yamaloka came to a standstill.

The legend of Yama and his holiday is eloquently told in the Narasimha Temple in Dharmapuri in Tamil Nadu. Yama, who is always busy in his loka, wanted a day off to visit his sister, two days after Deepavali. Hence, the unexpected holiday.     

Yama is one of the most unique Gods in Hinduism. He is not really a deity like say Vishnu whom people worship. Nor does he ask you to worship him.

He holds the power of death and he is a staunch devotee of Vishnu. Infact, he is one of the twelve Mahajanas (staunch devotees) of Vishnu. He incarnated as Vidura during the Mahabharata period.

IN the Vedas, Yama is mentioned as the first mortal to die. Therefore, by virtue of precedence, he became the ruler of the dead world.

With a twist of the rope that he holds in his hand, he can send a person to either hell or heaven or even back to earth. As per the shastras, there are seven narakas (hell) and swargas (heaven).

The seven Narakas are Athala, Vithala, Suthala, Paathaala, Mahaadhala, Rasaadhala, Dharaadhala.

Similarly, the seven heavens are Bhuvas, Swas (governed by Indra), Tharus, Thaarus, Savithaa, Prapithaa, Maha (governed by Brahma.

Yama is generally believed to be the son of the Sun God or Surya and Usha. He is sometimes also called the son of Vivasat and Saranya. 

Yama has entered not only the Indian conscious, he is also the God of Death in Buddhist, Chinese Tibetan, Korean and Japanese mythology and religion. He has a twin sister called Yami.  

Though India has temples to many of its gods, there are only a few to Yama. He is depicted with wide nostrils, sitting atop a black buffalo with a black rope in his left hand.

One of the most well-known of these temples is in Tamil Nadu.

It is located in Srivanchiyam, which is 16 kms from Thiruvavore and 28 kms from Kumbakonam.

This place is also called Thruvarayoor, Bhoo Kailasa or Sandana Vana.

The Puranas equate this place with Varanasi as this is one of the 275 Shiva stalas in India.

As in temples of Tamil Nadu, the Raja gopura is a impressive structure, five stories high. 

The temple has a separate shrine for Yama with Chitragupta standing hear him.
There are idols of Ganesha, Murugan and other deities.

Another temple to the God of Death is in Vellalur, near Coimbatore.

The Yama idol here is seen with a buffalo and faces south. Of course there is an idol of Chitragupta here. Women are barred from entering the Sanctum where Yama is consecrated.

In Dharmapuri in Tamil Nadu, the Narasimha temple has an idol for Lord Yama.  The God of Death is specially worshipped here on Karthika Bahula Vidiya, the second day of Deepavali.

The locals here say that Yama and his sister Yamuna (river) are the children of Lord Surya and Sandhya. While Yama took over Yamaloka to punish human beings, Yamuna decided that she should help people get rid of their sins and hence took the form of a river.

One day, Yamuna invited Yama to visit her house. Yama told her that he would visit her house on the second day after Deepavali and he declared a holiday for Yamaloka on that day. He visits his sister’s house on that day.
So the second day after Deepavali is also called Yama Dwitheeya day. People, in general, visit their sisters’ houses on that day. Devotees worship Yama at the Narasimha temple at Dharmapuri on that day to get rid of their sins.

They believe that Yamuna helps them get rid of their sins on that particular day.

Temples to a diarist

Like him or hate him. You are bound to meet him after your death. And he is bound to tell your deeds, good or bad, to your face. His account will decide which path you will take-Hell or Heaven.

He is one of the 33 crore Gods of Hinduism. Though he is  relatively more known than many other Gods, he has very few shrines named after him. The few that exists are also not very well known.

The son of Brahma, he performs a duty as important as Yama, the God of death. A constant companion of Yama, he is the diarist with details of every human being who is born. His record is so impeccable and he rarely if ever sends a person wrongly to heaven or hell.

Better known as Chitragupta, he is Yama’s constant companion. He and Yama are so closely bonded that we cannot speak of one without taking the name of the other.

Chitragupta had three wives-Leelavathi, Prabhavathi and Karnilakai. He had twelve sons-Srivastav, Suryadwhaj, Nigam, Kulashresta, Mathur, Garg, Saxena, Gaud, Asthana, Ambasht, Bhatnagar and Valmiki.

Though both Yama and Chitragupta are part of the Hindu pantheon of Gods, they have few temples dedicated to them.

One of the most famous temple to Chitragupta is in Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh.

The temple is facing East as it is consecrated to the Sun god. Built by the Chandels in the 11^th century, it is one of the four temples near a lake.

The deity of Chitragupta is beautifully carved.

Another famous temple of Chitragupta is in Alwar, Rajasthan. It is more than 300 years old and an annual fair is held every year in honour of Chitragupta during November-December.

Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh has the unique distinction of having two temples dedicated to Chitragupta. One is the Rama Janardhana Temple and the other is at Ram Ghat on the Shipra river.

Jabalpur too has a temple to Chitragupta called Foota Tal. There are regular poojas and Aarti to Chitragupta here. Lucknow has a temple to Chitragupta.

One of the most famous temples of Chitragupta is that of Dharma Hari in Ayodhya. Lord Rama is believed to have worshipped Chitragupta here.

In south, the most well-known temple to Chitragupta is in Kanchi, near Chennai in the State of Tamil Nadu.

This temple is located near the Bus stand. When it was renovated in 1907, a statue of Chitragupta and his wife, Karnikambe, was unearthed. It can be seen in the sanctum.

The statue is in a seating position and in the right hand, it holds a pen. It holds in the left hand a palm leaf.

The temple has another statue which is used on festivals. This Utsava statue was commissioned by Kanakarayar, a Minister of a Chola king. It is made of Panchaloha

There are special poojas on Chaitra Purnami (full moon day of the Chaithra) The marriage of Chitragupta  takes place on this day.

The temple is maintained by the Karuneegar community.

Hyderabad too has temple for Chitragupta which is located at Kandikal near Chatrinaka.

It is called the Chitragupta Mahadeva Devalayam and it is more than 200 years old.

Wednesdays are a special occasion here as devotes suffering from Kethu Dosha flock to the temple in large numbers. The sanctum has idols of  Chitragupta and his two consorts , Iravathi and Dakshini.

The Kayasths of Andhra Pradesh regard Chitragupta as their “kula Devatha.”

This temple is believed to have been first constructed by Sivaram Bahadur and Rajaram Bahadur, chief security officers of the Nizams.

People pray  to Chitragupta here and offer him flowers and fruits and perform pooje so that he overlooks their mistakes.

Another temple in Andhra Pradesh dedicated to Chitragupta is in Chitoor district. It is Srikalahasti. The Tik Ka Laddu is the main prasad here. Wednesdays are special in this temple.